A Hierarchical Land-Use Classification Framework for GIS-Based Spatial Decision Support Systems in Sri Lanka

Abstract

The absence of a unified and standardized land-use classification system in Sri Lanka has constrained the effective application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) in urban and regional planning. This study aimed to develop a hierarchical and context-sensitive land use classification framework suitable for SDSS integration, focusing on the Ella Pradeshiya Sabha area. The research combined institutional review, field-based land and building surveys, and expert consultations to identify data inconsistencies and design an adaptable classification structure. The resulting framework consists of three hierarchical levels Land Cover, Land Use, and Land Use Based on Character supported by standardized coding, mapping scale, and accuracy parameters. The system harmonizes institutional variations, captures tourism-oriented land uses, and enhances spatial interoperability. The study concludes that such an integrated classification model strengthens evidence based zoning, improves data-driven planning, and supports sustainable spatial governance in Sri Lanka