Transit-Oriented Development and Sustainable Urban Growth: A Review of Key Influencing Factors

Abstract

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is a strategic urban planning approach aimed at creating highdensity, mixed-use communities anchored by public transit systems. TOD seeks to reduce car dependency, improve urban livability, and promote sustainable growth. This paper reviews existing literature to identify critical factors that influence TOD success, including land use planning, accessibility, walkability, governance, and social equity. The paper incorporates international case studies from Indonesia, Dubai, United States, Japan, the Netherlands, Brazil, and India to analyze how different cities have applied TOD principles. The study finds that successful TOD requires a contextsensitive, integrated planning approach supported by proactive governance, community engagement, and inclusive policies.