Public Awareness of the Exposure and Effects of Microplastics on Humans: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Plastic particles less than 5mm in size are a growing global concern, making the environment more vulnerable. Raising public awareness of their harmful effects might help to reduce plastics entering the environment. The study aimed to assess public knowledge and attitudes towards microplastics and their adverse health effects in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka. A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected from the general public using an online Google Form. The online questionnaire included questions on knowledge and attitudes towards microplastics. A total of 510 responses were received; after excluding 21 incomplete responses, 489 (95.8%) were included in the analysis. The responses were analysed for descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages with SPSS version 26. Out of 489, 405(82.8%) had a university degree, and 313(64%) were females. Regarding knowledge, 473(96.7%) and 446(91.2%) recognized that microplastics harm human and marine life, respectively. Only 228 (46.6%) identified improper disposal as a primary cause. Even though 363 (74.2%) knew about the toxicity of microplastics, only 179(36.6%) and 212(43.4%) knew about its crossing into gastric epithelium and food chain integrations, respectively. Regarding attitudes, while 370(75.7%) considered living with fewer microplastics, only 37(7.6%) believed they could completely live without them. All individuals (n=489[100.0%]) advocated for biodegradable alternatives. However, 6(1.2%) individuals firmly expressed their unwillingness to reduce the use of microplastics. The study identified knowledge gaps and uncertain behavior to reduce pollution, highlighting the need for effective public education and stronger waste management policies.

KEYWORDS: Microplastics pollution, Knowledge and Attitudes, Health effects, Sri Lanka