Economic Value of Water Quality Improvement of an Aesthetic Water Body: Kandy Lake, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Kandy Lake is an aesthetic water body and an iconic landmark situated in Kandy District. Many
projects and activities have been implemented to improve and restore the lake from its polluted and
eutrophic state to normal condition with a considerable cost, but no proper justification are available
for such investments. This study intended to value the restoration activities adopting Contingent
Valuation Method. According to the pre-identified benefits, three questionnaires were used to collect
information from four beneficiary categories identified with a sample size of 136. Values were
elicited under four scenarios: improve the water quality to reduce the odor nuisance; to reduce odor
and algal blooms; to use the lake for recreational purposes; and to use the lake as a drinking water
source. A linear regression model between Willingness to Pay (WTP) value and the socio-economic
characters, including monthly income, age, number of dependents, and distance from the household
to the lake boundary was established. Results indicate that 84% of respondents perceive that the lake
has more indirect values than direct use values such as beautification of the environment, mental
relaxation, microclimate moderation. Identified beneficiary categories are “household”,
“institutional,” and “mobile” (i.e., people who come to visit the lake) and public supply water users
(PSWU). Estimated WTP for the 1st scenario was LKR 239.11 per person per month. The 2nd, 3rd and
4
th scenarios got higher percentages of protest answers due to the unacceptability of improvement
stages. As the lake has a historical value, the “development of the lake for recreational purposes”
scenario was rejected by the respondents. The fourth scenario, “improve the lake water quality to use
the lake as a drinking water source” was refused because most respondents did not believe it to be
cost-effective and did not like to drink water from the lake even after treatment. The best lake
management strategy is maintaining the lake as it is and invest to clean the lake, instead of developing
it for recreation or to use as a drinking water source.

Keywords: Contingent valuation method, Kandy lake, Water quality improvement