Extraction and Characterization of Natural Food Colorants from Canistel Fruit (Pouteria campechiana): A Comprehensive Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties

Abstract

A food colorant is a food additive that can be any kind of dye, pigment, or substance applied to foods. As artificial food colorants impart health hazards, this research aims to extract carotenoids from Canistel fruits (Pouteria campechiana) as a natural food colorant substitute for artificial food colorants. Carotenoid extraction was done using the solvent extraction method using a hexane, acetone, and ethanol (70%:15%:15) ratio. The instability of the carotenoid is one of the main drawbacks, and microencapsulation techniques have been used to overcome this. 10% MD, 5% MD + 5% GA mixture, and 10% GA were tested as the wall material treatments in the encapsulation process. Encapsulation with 10% MD showed an 11.91±0.29 g higher yield and higher total carotenoid content after spray drying, while 10% MD retained 45.64±5.3% more carotenoid concentration. The color Chroma meter values in three treatments were observed. When considering b* values, the highest yellowness and overall best color measurements were reported by the 10% MD treatment. The 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method was used to find antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity indicated the lowest IC50 value as recorded as 3.57±0.04 mg/mL, 4.38±0.20 mg/mL, and 5.19±0.24 mg/mL from the 10% MD, (5% MD + 5% GA) mixture, and 10% GA, respectively. Results revealed that the spray drying technique auspiciously encapsulated the carotenoids.