The Utility of Swords in Kandyan and Low- country Rituals

Abstract

The sword, a distinctive weapon used in various countries, holds multiple utilities across cultures. Among them, rituals featuring swords are commonly found. Sword usage is also seen in folk rituals in Sri Lanka, which hold an important place in society. The main objective of this research was to explore how the sword, a destructive weapon with sharp edges, is integrated into local dance rituals in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the ritualistic offerings and performances involving the sword, the utility, and the purpose of sword usage in folk rituals were examined. The research problem was whether the original intent and the functions of the sword are represented when it is employed as a ritualistic artifact or theatrical prop in rituals. Since the study followed an ethnographic research approach, it relied on field research in identifying the exact perspectives of the community regarding the usage of swords in rituals. Additionally, secondary sources located via library surveys were used to gain further insights to provide a nuanced analysis. Using Kandyan and Low-country traditions as the limitations of the study, direct and indirect observations of targeted rituals were done, and interviews were conducted with expert artisans. The data analysis revealed that in folk rituals, the sword serves multiple roles, i.e., as an ornament of deities; a ritualistic artifact; and theatrical prop. Moreover, evoking heroic sentiment and blessings are some of the purposes of using swords. However, some characters that enact devils also wield swords. It was also revealed that the use of the sword in the Kandyan tradition is relatively minimal compared to the low country tradition. This is because the prevalence of characters enacting gods and devils is high in Low country dance rituals. With the exceptions of ritual performances like Kadupaliya and Wina Kepeema, swords are not commonly used for sacrificial purposes. In conclusion, the use of swords in local dance rituals serves psychotherapeutic purposes in different ways and demonstrates its primary application in unique manners by symbolizing the original weapon.