The Effect of Sunlight in Storage on Sachet Water Quality in Kaduna Metropolitan Area, Kaduna State- Nigeria

Authors

  • M. S. Awopetu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
  • M. M. Sahabo Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
  • M. S. Abubakar Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
  • A. Abenu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
  • I. B. Badamasi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna
  • S. Terlumun Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Ground and Communication Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of sunlight radiation on the microbiological and physicochemical quality of sachet water in Kaduna metropolitan area. Sachet water samples were collected from different locations and exposed to sunlight for varying durations (1, 14, 28, and 42 days). Lead, E. coli levels, and various physicochemical parameters like temperature, conductivity, and turbidity were analysed. The results revealed a significant increase in lead content with sunlight exposure, exceeding the WHO drinking water quality standard in several cases. Sunlight had a negligible impact on E. coli levels. Physicochemical parameters deteriorated with exposure, indicating a quality decline. The findings highlight the potential health risks associated with consuming sunlight-exposed sachet water, particularly for vulnerable populations. Public awareness campaigns, stricter regulations for production and storage, and investment in alternative water sources are crucial to address this issue and ensure safe and healthy drinking water for the residents in the study area.               

 KEYWORDS: Sachet water, Sunlight radiation, Drinking water, Physicochemical, Microbiological

Downloads

Published

2025-01-15

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Section

Articles