Reading Winds: Indigenous Navigation Knowledge Among Sri Lankan Fishermen

Abstract

The sophisticated but little-researched maritime traditions that have supported coastal communities for generations are reflected in the indigenous nautical knowledge systems used by Sri Lankan fishermen. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes participant observation during 17 fishing expeditions, ethnographic interviews with 45 elder fishermen, and validation through meteorological data gathered over 18 months, this paper investigates their methods for reading winds, seas, celestial bodies, and biological indicators. This research reveals intricate classifications of winds and sea conditions, sophisticated methods for assessing sensory input and the incorporation of biological insights that allow for accurate navigation and weather forecasting without the need of contemporary equipment. An important complementarity between traditional and scientific knowledge systems is suggested by the study’s 78% correlation between indigenous predicting techniques and community-led preservation activities while analysing threats to knowledge continuity, such as changing socioeconomic patterns and climate change. While there are real-world applications for disaster preparedness, climate adaption plans, and sustainable fisheries management, the theoretical ramifications also reach into conventional ecological knowledge frameworks and epistemological debates. This research supports integrative approaches that acknowledge indigenous knowledge as a valuable resource for addressing modern maritime challenges while also contributing to broader scholarly conversations on ethno-navigation by placing these practices within their historical development and cultural context.
Key Words: Maritime, Sri Lanka, Fishermen, Indigenous, Winds