Feminization of Poverty; A Conceptual Analysis

Abstract

This paper explores an integrated sociological review of the concept of the feminization of poverty that refers to the growing poverty rate among women in a broader context of structural inequalities and an argument about hegemonic societal norms that devaluate economic contributions made by women. The analysis builds on a systematized literature review from 1978 to 2023 by synthesizing key findings, methodologies, and theoretical frameworks related to the feminization of poverty. Important causes identified here are gendered labour markets, unfavorable and unequal working circumstances with low wages and lack of benefits and privileges, unpaid domestic work and caring, limited access to resources, including land and credit for women, etc. These key factors show a considerable gap between women and men, and it is exacerbated in countries with developing economies, where poverty has been intertwined with inequality. It is reflected clearly in gender, migration, and social policy within the articulations arising from globalization and changing labor markets and how women are predisposed to economic vulnerabilities. Therefore, in this study, the emphasis is placed on the necessity of a comprehensive strategy related not only to economic inequality but also to the social norms that result in the marginalization of women. The research explored the basic features of the feminization of poverty through a thorough investigation of scholarly work and found out how the factors related to feminized poverty exist in different social contexts and their impact on women worldwide. Based on the findings, this study recommends that the feminization of poverty needs to be effectively addressed to achieve broader economic equity and social justice through vigorous efforts aimed at transforming the institutional practices and societal norms underpinning gender inequalities.